tennessee walking horse physical characteristics

SHOW is an acronym that stands for Sound horses, Honest judging, Objective inspections, and Winning fairly. SHOW manages the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, which has been held annually in Shelbyville, Tennessee, since 1939. It is difficult to find a horse that is more willing to work or be more excited to see you. Try to find a trainer who can teach you how to get the most out of a gaited horse, and who can give you some experience so you can determine just what you want in your ideal gaited horse. No matter how much riding experience you have or what discipline youre looking to participate in, you can probably find a Tennessee Walker out there who has the skills and temperament that youre looking for. From the Welsh Pony, it got its muscular, highly-arched, long neck, and the beautifully-formed and proportioned Arab-like head [6], The Tennessee Walking Horse has a reputation for having a calm disposition and a naturally smooth riding gait. [5][14] A failure as a trotting horse, due to his insistence on pacing, Black Allan was instead used for breeding. The President and executive committee of the TWHBEA voted to support this legislation, but the full board of directors chose not to. The equine became the foundation sire of the Tennessee Walking Horses. Performance Walkers still train with legal stacks and other weighted action devices. If youre looking for an equine with a good pedigree and outstanding look, get ready to break your budget. Physical Characteristics of a Tennessee Walking Horse. The horse should be already ridden under the saddle. Kathy Blocksdorf is an equine expert and writer with over three decades ofexperience in training and riding horses. The horses back is short but strong. It was founded in 1935 in Tennessee. Everything You Need To Know. [29], Congress delegated statutory responsibility for enforcement to the management of sales and horse shows, but placed administration of the act with the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Thoroughbreds, Morgans, Standardbreds, and Saddlebreds bloodlines were all added to this local breed. Its another four-beat gait. Another distinguishing feature is that the equine nods its head while running walk. These traits help your horse run very fast and carry heavy loads. February 10, 2022. Remember that a horses breeding can affect its health and risk for health issues, so consult a knowledgeable vet when buying a horse. As these homesteaders got settled, they began to bring in Spanish Mustangs from Mexico and Texas to influence their herds. The term "rocking horse canter" describes it well: A smooth, rocking canter that feels as though the horse is cantering uphill. Roan Allen could perform numerous ambling gaits. Flat-shod Tennessee Walking Horses have two organizations supporting the breed, including one that is the official USEF affiliate. The Celebration has become a hotbed for confrontation regarding this separation of perspective, especially since Horse Protection Act violations have been noted by some observers in recent years. 10 year old Tennessee walking horse mare broke to ride or is the perfect br.. Boston, Kentucky. Some Walking horses are also capable of performing running walk gates such as the Fox Trot or Singlefooting Gait. The Tennessee Walker is a vigorous horse: well-muscled, long neck, and clearly outlined head, with small ears. Supporters included the American Horse Council, the American Veterinary Medical Association, members of the TWHBEA, the International Walking Horse Association, and Friends of Sound Horses. The horse overstrides significantly as the speed increases, creating a gliding motion that is comfortable to the rider. No matter what coat color or pattern you prefer, youll probably find it represented within this breed. The Tennessee Walking horses have a closed stud book. [5] A few Tennessee Walking Horses can trot, and have a long, reaching stride.[9]. The modern Tennessee Walking Horse is described as "refined and elegant, yet solidly built". The flat foot walk (flat shod) is a vivid and long-reaching walk. ", "Dear Friend of the Tennessee Walking Horse", TWHAWC Tennessee Walking Horse Association of Western Canada, Horse breeds of Canada and the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_Walking_Horse&oldid=1116171174, Horse breeds originating in the United States, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Unique running-walk, tall, long neck; calm disposition; long, straight head, This page was last edited on 15 October 2022, at 05:48. The neck is long and refined with a clean, thin throat latch. Originally bred in the Southern United Sates, this breed was meant for . Reasons Why Tennessee Walking Horse Physical Characteristics Is Getting More Popular In The Past Decade. This stallion is now considered the foundation sire of the modern Tennessee Walking Horse and is often referred to as Allan F1 on lineage charts. They can sustain on fresh grass, hay, rolled oats, and other grains, such as barley and bran. A Tennessee Walker served as The University of Southern California Trojans mascot, Traveler. 1518, was sponsored by Representative Ed Whitfield (R-KY), and Representative Steve Cohen (D-TN), with 216 co-sponsors. The Tennessee Walking Horse is also called the Tennessee Walker. CHARACTERISTICS The Tennessee Walking Horse's claim to fame is its unique gait, the running walk. Also under scrutiny are the "Big lick" or "padded shoes and chains put around the fetlocks, called "action devices" used to make the horse step higher. But you cant perform them in the show ring. [44], Two organizations have formed to promote the exhibition of flat-shod horses. The Tennessee Walking Horse is a tall breed that often stands close to 17 hands high. These horses come in many different coat colors and feature a spirited, beautiful appearance that only enhances their performance both in and out of the show ring. The Horse Protection Act of 1970 restricting this practice, along with other abusive training methods that were used to create exaggerated movements. The Tennessee Walking Horse height is 14.3 to 17 hands tall on average. The average Tennessee Walking Horse can achieve a speed of up to 20mph with their running walk. Most horses within this breed will weigh about 1,000 pounds. The shoulders and hips are long and sloping. The Tennessee Walking Horse is the official state horse of Tennessee. Tennessee Walking Mare. Many people who experience back pain while riding are able to decrease their pain by riding a Tennessee Walking Horse. Tennessee Walking Horse Breed Information, Characteristics & Caring Tips 37 Characteristics of the Tennessee Walking Horse. This developed during the 1950s and became widespread in the 1960s, resulting in a public outcry against it. It prohibits the practice of soring, abusive practices which can be used to enhance the Big Lick movement prized in the show ring. [24]:12, Horses in western classes wear equipment similar to that used by other breeds in western pleasure classes, and exhibitors may not mix English and Western-style equipment. In 1935, the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders Association was formed and the stud book was closed by 1947. The Tennessee Walking Horse usually reaches a height of 14.3-17 hands (59-68 inches) and weighs around of 900-1,200 pounds. While the Tennessee Walking Horse is most common in the southern and southeastern US, it is found throughout the country. We train horses with a gentle yet firm technique that we have developed over a twenty year period. Thanks to their great temperament, these horses also make patient lesson horses for younger riders. Tennessee Walking Horse description A light horse breed founded in middle Tennessee, the Tennessee Walking Horse is a composition of Narragansett and Canadian Pacer, Standardbred, Thoroughbred, Morgan, and American Saddlebred stock. Such horses are quite versatile in use. From his line, a foal named Roan Allen was born in 1904. In the early 19th century, Kentucky and Tennessee saw strong population growth through the establishment of plantations and farms. The breed originated in the Bluegrass region of Tennessee during the late 19th century. The Tennessee Walking Horse should stand at least 14.3 hands high, with some stallions reaching or exceeding 17 hands. Thoroughbred and the American Quarter Horse, Belgian Horse vs Clydesdale Horse: The Titan War, Mustang Horse Temperament and Characteristics, 12 Christmas Horse Decorations to Spruce Up This Holiday, Can Horses Eat Dog Food? It is a popular riding horse due to its calm disposition, smooth gaits and sure-footedness. I was. [40] The legislation did not pass in the 113th Congress and was reintroduced in 2015 for the 114th Congress. [5] Some are used for endurance riding. The price depends on the horses age, gender, color, level of training, and health conditions. 1518, a bill to amend the Horse Protection Act", "Summary: S.1121 114th Congress (2015-2016)", "Decoding the HPA, PAST Act, and New Proposed HPA Regulations", "USEF links with walking horse group | Business", "Tracking Registry: Gait and Conformation", "FAQ > Didn't NWHA get sued for doing this? 11. With their unique gaits, elegant bearing, and sensible temperament, there's no question about the appeal of this breed. The Tennessee Walking Horse should stand at least 14.3 hands high, with some stallions reaching or exceeding 17 hands. It is, of course, the official Tennessee State Horse. Smooth gaits, a sweet temperament and a uniquely American history: All these characteristics belong to a special equine breed known as the Rocky Mountain Horse.Despite its name, the Rocky hails from the American South. She is also a horse owner and has written for. Nothing says Fall like this photo of Ritz! The Tennessee Walking Horse is a popular show horse, but what has really driven the popularity of the breed has been its presence in Hollywood. The Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association (TWHBEA) is the oldest organization devoted to the horse breed. You can find Tennessee Walkers doing countless jobs, from trail rides and endurance rides to performing in the show ring. Shoeing rules, soring concerns, and complying with the Horse Protection Act have created a patchwork system of rules that are overseen by several governing organizations. Tennessee Walkers are calm, intelligent, easy to train all with a smooth natural gait. Tennessee Walking Horses can travel anywhere from 10 to 20 mph at the running walk. [1], The Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' Association was formed in 1935. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. As well as head nodding when walking. This results in a ride that is remarkably smooth in the saddle, making the horse a suitable recreational riding option for those who may struggle with the bounce and movement of the more traditional gaits. : 436 Originally developed in Georgia, the breed was established in 1968 after several years of selective breeding.Joan Hudson Brown is credited as the founder of the breed and was the first executive secretary of the breed registry. While performing the running walk, the horse nods its head in rhythm with its gait. By the stallion Allendorf (from the Hambletonian family of Standardbreds) and out of a Morgan mare named Maggie Marshall, he became the foundation sire of the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. Its a popular horse breed famous for its four-beat sharp movement. Teeth - A horse's teeth and jaws are very large and strong. Shows are routinely held for western pleasure and English riding classes. In 1939, the first Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration was held. Despite the law, some horses are still being abused. Kentucky Horse Park, 4089 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511. Many TWH lovers are against these devices and other potentially harmful methods that continue to be used (although the practice of soring has been illegal since 1970). Soring is the application of a chemical agent or the physical injury of the horse's fetlock, pastern, or hoof area to cause pain that will make the horse lift its feet higher during competition. The Tennessee Walking Horse is often seen in the show ring, but is also popular as a pleasure and trail riding horse using both English and Western equipment. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The modern Tennessee Walking Horse possesses a pretty head with small well placed ears. When choosing a horse, be on the lookout for red flags. This led to horses lifting their front legs faster than they do it naturally. One of the benefits of the Tennessee Walker is that you can do a lot with a single horse. Its a natural four-beat horse gait that is similar to the regular or flat walk. Flat-shod horses, wearing regular horseshoes, exhibit less exaggerated movement. You don't want to end up bringing home a special-needs horse when you are not prepared to care for one. It's acceptable for the hind legs to be slightly cow-hocked or sickle-hocked. This is a four-beat gait with the same footfall pattern as a regular, or flat, walk, but significantly faster. The Canadian Pacer and the Narragansett Pacer were quite popular along the Eastern Seaboard. [35] As a result, while in 1999 there were eight certified HIOs,[30] by 2010, only three organizations remained certified as HIOs, all known to be actively working to end soring. They can sustain on fresh grass, hay, rolled oats, and other grains, such as barley and bran. The distinctive head-nod is regarded as imperative when the horse is performing a running walk. While these horses have a natural walk, running walk, and canter, they can also learn how to perform additional gaits, including the rack, fox-trot, and stepping-pace. You can see the equine on a show ring performing its smooth gaits. Mini Tennessee Walking Horse | Toy Horse | Tennessee Walking Horse Figurine - 4.9in. Running walk: 4 beats. It is gentle in nature and amenable to training. Some Tennessee Walking Horses are able to perform other ambling gaits as well. 11. Jeffery Howard: Tennessee Walking Horse legislation on slippery slope. Mare. This includes Silver, who was the horse of the Lone Ranger; Trigger Junior, who worked with Roy Rogers; and Traveler, who is a mascot of the University of Southern California. The hindquarters are well-muscled of a moderate thickness. The United States Equestrian Federation and some breed organizations now prohibit the use of stacks and action devices at shows they sanction. There should be long, sloping shoulders and hips, a strong coupling, and a back that is shorter than average. [33], Soring can be detected by observing the horse for lameness, assessing its stance and palpating the lower legs. This extra-smooth gait follows the same footfall pattern as the flat walk, but is much faster; horses can reach 10 to 20 miles per hour in the running walk. Walking Horses are gaited and known for their running walk, a considerably faster version of the four-beat walk. Shown in hand, the TWH is made to stand 'parked out' with the weight on the forehand and the hind legs stretched out. They also have the flat foot walk, where each foot hits the ground separately at regular intervals, and their canter, which is more relaxed than that of other breeds. [36][55] The Celebration has been held in Shelbyville, Tennessee, each August since 1939. In Kentucky, it is the third most common breed that is found, coming in behind the Thoroughbred and the American Quarter Horse. In 2000, the Tennessee Walker became the official state horse of Tennessee. The Tennessee Walking Horse is the most willing and gentle of horses and will give you the smoothest ride of any breed. This smooth, gliding gait is a fast version of the flat walk in which the back foot glides over the track left by the front foot. This may include the foxtrot, the single-foot, the rack, and the stepping pace. Tennessee Walking Horses come in many different coat colors and patterns and rarely is a TWH turned away from the registry because of color. Its pedigree includes the antiquated gaited or pacing New England breed called the Narragansett Horse that has been attributed as a founding breed of several modern gaited horse breeds. This gait is faster than a trot and much smoother. 2012 Chestnut Tennessee Walking Horse Gelding $20,000. The breed is best known for its running walk gait. [24]:23, The showing, exhibition and sale of Tennessee Walking Horses and some other horse breeds is governed by the Horse Protection Act of 1970 (HPA) due to concerns about the practice of soring. 2. Riders wear typical saddle seat attire. Performance horses are shod with built-up pads or "stacks", along with other weighted action devices, creating the so-called "Big Lick" style. He was placed into shows and became quite successful, helping to sire many of the establishment horses for the breed. Thats an average price for a healthy and young representative of the breed. In the running walk, the horse's rear feet overstep the prints of its front feet by 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 centimetres), with a longer overstep being more prized in the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. In 1935 the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' Association was formed, and it closed the studbook in 1947. TShirtBubble. Betty Sain helped to grow global awareness of this breed thanks to her win at the World Grand Championship in 1966 showing Shakers Shocker. [23]:31 Flat-shod horses are shown in ordinary horseshoes, and are not allowed to use pads or action devices, though their hooves are sometimes trimmed to a slightly lower angle with more natural toe than seen on stock horse breeds. 75142. [29] Congress passed the Horse Protection Act in 1970, declaring the practice to be "cruel and inhumane". They like getting enough attention from their horse owners. The Racking Horse was developed in North America, and is popular for their stamina and a distinctive single-foot gait. It wasnt long before the offspring of the Pacers and the Mustangs began to be called a Tennessee Pacer. So, what makes the Tennessee Walker so special? However, the racking horse was commonly shown as a type of Tennessee Walking Horse, and did not have a breed association of . The head is well-defined, with small, well-placed ears. It's an inherited characteristic of walking horses which is fun to watch. The right lead has the following order: left hind, right hind and left front feet together, then the right fore leg. Some of the colors you might see include bay, black, chestnut, cream, and more. [20], The breed has also been featured in television, movies and other performing events. The Modern Rules Of Tennessee Walking Horse Physical Characteristics. It has a calm and pleasant temperament. In 2013 it banned the use of action devices and stacks at any time in any class. Tennessee walking horse, Stallion, 24 years, 15.1 hh, Tobiano-all-colors Cluchin the Dollar. Tennessee Walking Horses have also hit the football field. Paige Cerulli is an equestrian expert, certified equine massage therapist, and award-winning writer specializing in pet and equine topics with over a decade of hands-on experience caring for horses, including rescues. The Tennessee Walking Horse generally ranges from 14.3 to 17 hands and weighs 900 to 1200 pounds. The body of this horse should be wide and muscular, the back should be . They often have problems with their feet 1. The horses weight goes from 900 to 1,200 pounds. Enjoy this expertly researched article at the Tennessee Walking Horse, together with wherein Tennessee Walking Horse s stay, what they devour & a lot extra. "Park pleasure" is the most animated of the flat-shod divisions. Your ad on the first page of search (6) VAT can be stated separately (6) i. Even riding another horse at a sitting trot helps loosen up your back, and the Tennessee Walking Horsewith its smooth-as-silk running walk similar to a single-foot gaitis a popular breed that is desired by many riders for its steady movements. This breed is famed for its fluid movement and fourth gait - a running walk. Several of the most famous horses that have come from TV and movies have been Tennessee Walking Horses. [27] In the early 21st century, this form of shoeing is now prohibited at shows governed by the National Walking Horse Association (NWHA),[22]:3 and the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF). Opponents included members of the Performance Horse Show Association, and the Tennessee Commissioner of Agriculture. In the winter, use a waterless shampoo to clean, condition, and detangle the horse's mane and tail. Email: walkersw@earthlink.net. Tennessee Walking Horses, also called "Walkers," are a type of gaited horse that originated in Tennessee during the late 19th century. Look for any lameness, pain, trouble breathing, or other obvious signs of illness. The Tennessee Walking Horse has a finely chiseled head without appearing dainty, large eyes and short, erect ears. Tennessee Walking Horse FAQs", "Wholegenome sequencing identifies missense mutation in GRM6 as the likely cause of congenital stationary night blindness in a Tennessee Walking Horse", "Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB)", "Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) | Veterinary Genetics Laboratory", "Sale of Tennessee Walking Horses at Kentucky Horse Park Proceeds Quietly", "Breed Awards Offered for Endurance Riding", "National Walking Horse Association Rules and Regulations", "Rule Book Divisions and Class Rules & Requirements Section", "Walking Horse Owners Association Official Rulebook Pleasure Division", "Use of Action Devices and Performance Packages for Tennessee Walking Horses", "2013 United States Equestrian Federation Rule Book", "Thermography in Diagnosis of Inflammatory Processes in Horses in Response to Various Chemical and Physical Factors", "I Am Jose wins 2nd straight Walking Horse Celebration championship", "EQUUS Special Report: Why Soring Persists", "74th Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration ends, not controversy", "Injured walking horses will not be eligible for breeders incentive fund", "TWHBEA President Backs Anti-Soring Bill", "Hearing: Legislative Hearing on "H.R. Bred for their gentle, four-beat gait, these horses have a distinctive running walk and are one of North America's most popular breeds. Jeffrey Howard is chairman of the Communications Committee for the Performance Show Horse Association.. Posted April 27, 2014 at 3 a.m. "As is the case with most commentary from the Humane Society of the United States, a recent opinion piece in the News Sentinel was long on hyperbole and short on facts. Gaited horses are great and very comfortable, but they move differently than non-gaited breeds. That is a reasonable price for a good-looking equine with a unique smooth gait. The Tennessee Walking Horse, as its name suggests, originated in the state of Tennessee and has a combination of different breeds in its ancestry. View Details. The horse's genealogy includes a mixture of breeds that settlers brought with them, such as Morgans, Narragansett Pacer and Canadian Horses. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' & Exhibitors' Association, PO Box 286, Lewisburg, TN 37091 Phone: 800-359-1574. He is now considered the foundation sire of the breed. [47] These included the Spotted Saddle Horse and Racking Horse breeds as well as the Tennessee Walker. [7], The Tennessee Walking Horse is best known for its running-walk. The result of crossing these breeds was a gaited horse with a natural running walk. Best trail horse ever . [36], Built up pads, called "stacks", held on by a band over the top of the hoof, are used in performance divisions, X-ray shows nails attaching the shoe pads that also add additional weight and could create pressure on the sole of the foot, a type of, American horse breed noted for its running walk gait, Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association, Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, "Go Gaited! The Tennessee Walking Horse is a breed of gaited horse known for its unique four-beat running-walk and flashy movement. Here's a breakdown of different horse gaits: Tennessee Walking Horse. While Tennessee Walkers perform the running walk at the speed of 10-20 miles per hour. The Tennessee Walking Horse is often seen in the show ring, but is also popular as a pleasure and trail riding horse using both English and Western equipment. Thats an excellent horse breed for beginners. A gaited horse that developed. Blue is a 5 year old black roan Tennessee walker mare. Tennessee Walking Horses Have Three Distinct Gaits Tennessee Walking horses have three distinct gaits: the flat foot walk, the running walk, and the canter. [2][3] The hindquarters are of "moderate thickness and depth", well-muscled, and it is acceptable for the hind legs to be slightly over-angulated, cow-hocked or sickle-hocked. In the early 21st century, this annual event attracted considerable attention and controversy because of issues linked to abuse of horses that was practiced to enhance their performance in the show ring. The TWHBEA registers about 15,000 new foals per year. The top line is shorter in relation to the ventral midline to allow for a long, striding overstep when gaiting. Tennessee Walkers can be found in all solid colors. The Tennessee Horse stands out with its flat walk and sure-footedness. ", "Walking Horse Groups in Copyright Dispute", "Home: What is FOSH Gaited Sport Horses? [35], Although illegal under federal law for more than 40 years, soring is still practiced; criminal charges have been filed against people who violate the Act. Soon after, new horse breeds were added to the Tennessee Walker bloodline. Bred for their gentle, four-beat gait, these horses have a distinctive running walk and are one of North America's most popular breeds. Other features of an ideal Tennessee Walker include: A definitive head with small, well-placed ears A long sloping shoulder and hip A short back and short, strong coupling (the back loin, just before the rump) The Horse Protection Act of 1970 protects the equines from abusive owners. The horses rear foot oversteps the line where its front foot goes. Tennessee Walking Horses generally range from 14.3 to 17 HH and weigh 900 to 1200 pounds. This breed has also appeared on television. [1] They were known for their smooth gaits and sure-footedness on the rocky Tennessee terrain. The Tennessee Walker has a well-defined head with small eyes and a long neck. The Tennessee Walking Horse temperament is generally willing and docile, making it a good family breed. Some Tennessee Walking Horses may be affected by the following genetic conditions: The Tennessee Walker originated from the cross of Narragansett Pacer and Canadian Pacer horses brought from Kentucky to Tennessee starting in 1790, with gaited Spanish Mustangs imported from Texas. They may be a warm-blooded breed, but there are several personality traits that are more reflective of the larger cold-blooded breeds. After the Thoroughbred and the American Quarter Horse. [50], Two organizations promulgate rules for horse shows in which action devices are allowed: the Walking Horse Owners Association (WHOA)[53] and "S.H.O.W." Tennessee Walking horses require a healthy balance of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water in their diet. The controversy over continuing soring practices has led to a split within the breed community, criminal charges against a number of individuals, and the creation of separate breed organizations. According to the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association, the horse performs the flat foot walk and canter, apart from the running walk. Flat-shod Walkers wear regular horseshoes and perform movements with little exaggeration. That is unique to Tennessee Walking Horses. To reflect interest in showing horses, the name was changed in 1974 to the current Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association (TWHBEA). The breed derived from the southern United States. $7,000. Such horses are quite energetic and athletic. One characteristic of this new breed was the horse's smooth gait, which was later called the running walk. [3] While the horses are famous for flashy movement, they are popular for trail and pleasure riding as well as show. These horses have a flat walk in with a significant overstride, where the hind feet travel up ahead of the paths left by the front feet. The horse can be used in endurance riding as well. Many are even used for beginners and for therapeutic purposes because of their gentle, social nature. [15] It is the third most-common breed in Kentucky, behind the Thoroughbred and the American Quarter Horse. Competition at TWH shows can be fierce, and horses are judged on conformation and gait in mounted classes like western pleasure and plantation pleasure. Tennessee Walker. The Tennessee Walking Horse can be found throughout the United States and it has been exported to Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa as well. The equine is popular not only in the southern US but all over the states. Many used them for riding and pulling equipment. Our focus at Ed's Walking Horses is to breed and train these wonderful horses in a manner that honors their nature and breed. 10 Latest Developments In Tennessee Walking Horse Height. It covers from 4 to 8 miles per hour. These horses are ridden both English and Western, and many show horses are ridden saddle seat. The Tennessee Walker features a unique running walk. The study found that chains of any weight, used in combination with chemical soring, produced lesions and pain in horses. Large limestone pastures encouraged herds to get out and roam. Some are also able to naturally perform the rack, stepping pace, fox-trot, single foot and other running walk variations. In 2000, the Tennessee Walking Horse was announced as the official horse of the state of Tennessee. Overview Other Appearances Gallery The Tennessee Walking Horse is a horse breed available in Star Stable: The Summer Rider, Star Stable Online and Star Stable Horses. Some breeders will base their breeding programs on producing specific colors. Further Characteristics. As the breeds would cross in semi-controlled conditions in Kentucky and Tennessee, there was a noticeable tendency for the foals to retain the pacing and gait characteristics of their parents. Horses ridden for pleasure or on trails are flat-shod, which can help to keep the horse sound. The horses front feet were nailed to the stacks to cause pain when hitting the ground. The soring horses are now prohibited for sale and show. They include the Thoroughbred, Standardbred, American Saddlebred, and Morgan Horses. Some were even well-suited to racing. Black Allan was meant to be a trotting horse. The Tennessee Walker is a three-gaited horse, performing the flat-foot walk, the running walk, and the canter. The ears are small and well-placed. Treats, such as carrots and apples, can be given in moderation. These are a riding helmet, gloves, and breeches. The Tennessee Walking Horse's unique walking gait makes it a favorite ride with beginners, older riders, and riders with back problems. 15 Things That Happen When You Are In Tennessee Walking Horse Physical Characteristics. Cell (214) 507-6032. Tennessee Walking Horses are a superb horse breed that is ideal for riders of all levels. The Tennessee Walker feels different from other gaited horse breeds, like the Paso Fino, so be sure that this breed works for you before you go shopping for your new horse. The Tennessee Walking Horse height is 14.3 to 17 hands tall on average. Today, you'll find these horses in the show ring, on the trails, and even in lesson barns, thanks to their docile personality and laid-back temperaments. Mare. These horses are usually easy keepers, which can save you money in feed bills. As a result of the 1970 legislation, there are two sub-types emerging within the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. You can also find cream, dun, and champagne Tennessee Walking Horses. 15 Quick Tips For Tennessee March 26, 2022 funkyfresh Non-gaited horse. The breed has partaken in commercials and movies. Heres a detailed overview of the horse breed for your consideration. The Tennessee Walking Horse costs from $1,000 to $5,000. One of his offspring, named Roan Allen, was born in 1904. Horses are shod in double and triple-nailed pads,[25] which are sometimes called "stacks". Because of their smooth gaits, theyre ideal for older riders or for riders with back pain and other physical issues. These horses have a flat walk in with a significant overstride, where the hind feet travel up ahead of the paths left by the front feet. The body is substantial, with long, clean legs. Physical Characteristics The American Walking Pony exhibits the mix of characteristics that it got from its ancestors. Tennessee Walkers are typically highly trainable, gentle, and eager to please. These are white patches all over the horses solid color coat. [28], The Tennessee Walking Horse Heritage Society is a group dedicated to the preservation of the original Tennessee Walker bloodlines, mainly for use as trail and pleasure horses, rather than for showing. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. He is 4 years old and I bought him for my husband, who I thought would ride. And the left rear goes over the left front limb. A Tennessee Walker costs around $1,000 to $5,000. Sain was given numerous movie and book deals, but she preferred to raise goats and horses out of the spotlight instead. Gliding gait, 10-20 mph, nods . Grooming a horse after riding can also help distribute the oils and sweat, especially in the summer. In addition, the Tennessee Walking Horse is the breed most affected by the Horse Protection Act of 1970. The modern Tennessee Walking Horse possesses a pretty head with small, well placed ears. As part of the gait, many horses within this breed will also nod their head to the cadence of their rhythm, which seems to help them be able to maintain the gait. Able to perform several ambling gaits, Roan Allen became a successful show horse, and in turn sired several famous Tennessee Walking Horses. While they are often used as show horses, they are also very popular trail and riding horses. The breed was developed beginning in the late 18th century when Narragansett Pacers and Canadian Pacers from the eastern United States were crossed with gaited Spanish Mustangs from Texas. [37][38], In 2013, legislation to amend and strengthen the HPA was introduced in Congress. These horses were brought to Tennessee in the 18th century. 10 Best Gaited Horse Breeds for a Smooth Ride, 10 Most Popular Horse Breeds and Types of Horses, The 12 Smallest Horse Breeds From Around the World, Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse: Breed Profile, 10 Best Horse Breeds for First-Time Owners & Riders. This breed is known for its smooth gaits. The purchase price to adopt or buy a Tennessee Walker ranges widely from $1,000 to $4,000. Read more Stock Horse Breed Specialization Hope Ellis-Ashburn - June 21, 2022 The Tennessee Walking Horse is a true American success story. How to Adopt or Buy a Tennessee Walking Horse, 10 Best Gaited Horse Breeds for a Smooth Ride, The 12 Smallest Horse Breeds From Around the World, 10 Most Popular Horse Breeds and Types of Horses, Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse: Breed Profile, 10 Best Horse Breeds for First-Time Owners & Riders. Congressional legislation to strengthen the Act has been introduced with broad support, but has yet to be enacted. After the original Trigger stepped down from playing the Lone Rangers horse, Silver, Trigger Jr., a Tennessee Walking Horse, stepped into the role. The four-beat running walk is the breed's most famous gait. Behavioral Characteristics: Gentle, intelligent, with a noble temperament; calm and laid back . It is most commonly found in the states that helped to develop the breed, Tennessee and Kentucky, then any other place in the world today. The shoulders and hips are long and sloping. Sabino, tobiano, and overo are the Pinto pattern found on Tennessee Walkers. This running walk can carry a rider between four and seven miles an hour. Characteristics The Tennessee Walker is a refined yet solidly-built horse with a long neck and head that is carried high, gentle eyes, small pointed ears, a strong back, long, sloping shoulders and hips, and hind legs that are often slightly sickle-hocked (over-angulated). It is usually trained to stand in a position where the hind limbs are stretched out behind. Fine harness driving classes include this breed as well. Since 2013, USEF rules have banned all stacks and action devices. The American Walking Pony is a modern American breed of gaited riding pony.It was created by crossbreeding of the Tennessee Walking Horse and the Welsh Pony. The Tennessee Walker was bred to be an all purpose horse 4. With its distinctive running walk and smooth gaits, its no wonder that the Tennessee Walking Horse has become such a popular riding mount. The head is well-defined with smaller, well-placed ears, and the horse has a number of gaits it can learn. The Tennessee Walking Horse is another tremendous horse breed with its distinguished features. In 1886, a foal named Black Allan was born. Walk of Shame (2014): Tennessee is home to the famous high-stepping walking horse, a tradition of prancing horses that stretches back decades. The legs are raised laterally while walking. It has a long neck and a well-defined head. Horsezz.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon properties including, but not limited to, amazon.com, endless.com, myhabit.com, smallparts.com, or amazonwireless.com. They have a diverse breeding background 7. There are countless champion Tennessee Walking Horses. Tennessee Walkers were bred to be versatile and talented, and that versatility remains with the breed today. Farmers in the region were looking for a horse that could not only work in the fields, but that could also be ridden under saddle comfortably. The stud book was closed in 1947, meaning that since that date every Tennessee Walker must have both its dam and stud registered in order to be eligible for registration. Presently, it is a popular pleasure riding and show horse, and is relatively a newer breed. Tennessee Walking Horses are prized for their unique gaits, which make them comfortable to ride and ideal for riders who have back issues or other physical restrictions. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The National Walking Horse Association (NWHA) promotes only naturally gaited horses in its sanctioned horse shows, has its own rule book, and is the official USEF affiliate organization for the breed. The horse has a long, sloping shoulder with an equally long, sloping hip. Pedigrees may not include horses that have been shown with stacks post-1976. Some members of the breed perform other variations of lateral ambling gaits, including the rack, stepping pace, fox trot and single-foot, which are allowable for pleasure riding but penalized in the show ring. Tennessee Walking Horses are prized for their unique gaits, which make them comfortable to ride and ideal for riders who have back issues or other physical restrictions. The horse is solidly built but tends to have a sloping hip or shoulder. She was raised caring for horses, rehabilitated rescue horses, shows her own horses, and rides long distance. This horse is often claimed to be elegant but mighty, standing at about 17 hands (or between 59 and 69 inches). Since 1970, there have been several controversies that have involved the Tennessee Walking Horse, but over rules of how to handle and show the horses instead of handling population concerns. We believe our horses are friends, companions and partners. Some show Tennessee Walkers do develop health issues, like back pain and Navicular disease, and hoof issues can result, especially when horses are shown in padded or built-up shoes. Originally used as all-purpose horses on plantations and farms, they were used for riding, pulling and racing. The hindquarters should be powerful and well-muscled. While the TWH is known for the running walk. If none of this is provided, you might not be dealing with a quality organization. From the Tennessee Walking Horse, the American Walking Pony got its naturally smooth and fluid gait. It's unfortunate that the story of such an interesting breed is somewhat marred by incidents of soring and that TWH shows are often the targets of animal activists and humane society's attention. If youre interested in similar breeds, check out: Otherwise, you can check out other popular horse breed profiles. Horse ID: 2238571 Photo Added/Renewed: 24-Nov-2022 9AM. Common Health and Behavior Problems Tennessee Walkers also occur in various coat patterns. Here is how the running walk is performed. The Peruvian Paso, Tennessee Walking Horses and Tennuvians raised at Fayebrook Farms come from championship stock with a great mix of new and foundation breeding to obtain beautiful, naturally gaited horses. It is a popular show horse because of its natural gaits, but it is also great for trail riding where it can cover a lot of . The breed dates to the late 19th/early 20th century and is descended from Standardbred, Morgan, Saddlebred, and American Thoroughbred stock. The Tennessee Walker has what they call a "rocking chair" canter. But the running walk is impressively faster. In the 1900s, the Tennessee Walking Horse was also crossed with the Welsh Pony to create the American Walking Pony. So, whats the Tennessee Walking Horse price? It was created when the wealthy plantation owners of the south were in need of hardy horses that would also be comfortable with riding over long distances during daily work tasks. The canter should be ultracomfortable and easy to sit, even if you have bad knees or hips or a bad back. The Tennessee Walking Horse is a breed of gaited horse known for its unique four-beat running-walk and flashy movement. In total, more than 500,000 horses have been registered with the breeders association over its lifetime. The Tennessee Walking Horse is the state's official horse. Versatile, docile, and with a laid-back temperament, the Tennessee Walker can make a great choice for many riders. Thats a long overstep that is loved in the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. Such an action is called overstriding. It has a 4-beat running walk that offers flashy movements at the feet. Tennessee Walking Horse T-Shirt, Tennessee Walker Horse Shirt, TN Walking Horse T-shirt. The back is usually short and the legs can sometimes be over-angulated to a certain degree. Tennessee Walking. Now with high fine pics of Tennessee Walking Horse s. The right rear goes over the right front limb. For rescues, check that the organization is a registered nonprofit with a 501(c)(3) status, which means it had to go through more checks to be considered safe and legitimate. [36] Enforcement of the HPA is difficult, due to limited inspection budgets and problems with lax enforcement by inspectors who are hired by the shows they were to police. The Tennessee Walker has a well-defined head with small eyes and a long neck. Please note, comments need to be approved before they are published. The horse has a long sloping shoulder, a long sloping hip, a fairly short back and a short strong coupling. The Tennessee Walking Horse is used in horse shows, trail riding, and farming. Tennessee Walking Horses are famous for their running walk, a natural gait that only they perform. Allrounder (2) On-Site Breeding (5) Ads by. A few pinto patterns are also possible to occur. [17] In the early 21st century, the Celebration has attracted large amounts of attention and controversy due to the concerns about violations of the Horse Protection Act. In 1904, this union produced Roan Allen, a strikingly beautiful horse whose natural gaits included the flat-foot walk, the running walk, and the trot, as well as the fox walk, the fox trot, the slow gait, and the rack. Flat foot walk: 4 beats. Later on, other gaited horses became popular on a show ring. [41] In 2016, the USDA proposed new rules independent of the PAST Act, banning stacks and chains, and providing stricter inspections at training barns, auctions, and shows. [5], In 2000, the Tennessee Walking Horse was named the official state horse of the US state of Tennessee. Spend plenty of time with the horse while it's still in the hands of the organization, so you can get to know it and make sure it's as healthy as the organization says. "Trigger, Jr.", the successor to the original "Trigger" made famous by Roy Rogers, was played by a Tennessee Walker named Allen's Gold Zephyr. The Tennessee Walker is an all-purpose breed. They are strong, athletic, and love having attention. The Tennessee Walking Horse is a breed of strongly-built, sure-footed, smoothly-gaited equines that developed in the USA. Another antiquated breed in its lineage is the Canadian Pacer, thought to be closely related to the modern Canadian Horse, that was well-known in New England and traces its pedigree to horses brought to Acadia and New France from Europe in the 17th century. [43], The USEF does not currently recognize or sanction any Tennessee Walking Horse shows. These horses were bred on the limestone pastures of Middle Tennessee, and became known as "Tennessee Pacers". The Tennessee Walking Horses generally range from 14.3 to 17 hands ( a hand being 4 inches) and weigh 900 to 1200 pounds. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. [1] It is a tall horse with a long neck. As homesteaders began to move westward as the United States established its independence, the settlers brought their pacing horses along with them. Walk: 4 beats. Each foot strikes the ground separately at regular intervals, 5 mph. The Horses at Fayebrook Farms. Since then, the range of uses has expanded. The breed registry is kept by the TWHBEA, which promotes all riding disciplines within the breed, but does not sanction horse shows. premium seller (6) Refine your search. The two basic categories of Tennessee Walking Horse show competition are called "flat-shod" and "performance". 3236 FM 2578. L x 1.3in. The Tennessee Walking Horse was developed to provide a smooth, safe ride for farmers traveling over rough terrain, and although they were originally bred to do all types of farm work, TWHs are now primarily a riding horse equally prized in the show ring or on the trail and ridden under English and Western tack. Tennessee Horses were primarily bred to be used at farms and plantations. Tennessee Walkers are great for riders of all levels. Regional adiposity takes the form of cresty neck . Avoiding the limbs made me realize that Tennessee Walking Horses are a tall breed. Unlike draft horses that weigh up to 2,000 pounds. In 1950, the United States Department of Agriculture recognized the Tennessee Walking Horse as a distinct breed. 2021 Bay Tennessee Walking Horse Filly $4,600. The hindquarters are well-muscled of a moderate thickness. Tennessee Walkers are also seen in movies, television, and other entertainment. GLOBAL TIME CLOCKS - THE LIBRARY - PUZZLES - 2020 WALKERS WEST CALENDAR. Also, especially for breeders, make sure you can receive documentation on where the horse was bred, its lineage, and any health history. First off, their smooth gaits make them an ideal companion for riders with physical issues or ailments. The Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders Association sees new annual registrations of up to 15,000 foals. It has to be familiar with riders and know what to expect from them. The Tennessee Walking Horse is a light gaited breed with an elegant upright build giving it a noble appearance. The breed features a pretty head with medium to small, well-placed ears. It overgoes 6 to 18 inched forward. Originally breed as a utility horse, this breed is an ideal mount for riders of all ages and levels of experience. Show horses can be seen with their tail sticking in an upright position, but this is not a natural characteristic of the horse. Many TWH lovers ride their horses either barefoot or with regular shoes and enjoy their elegant and unique gaits without forcing their horses to perform any unnatural movements. Boston, KY. KY. $5,500. Whether you take a ride down a local trail or you work extensively together for the show ring, when you have a Tennessee Walking Horse by your side, you will have a friend for life. [22]:1920 At shows where both divisions are offered, the flat-shod "plantation pleasure" division is judged on brilliance and show presence of the horses while still being well mannered, balanced, and manageable. [5] Common colors such as bay, black and chestnut are found, as are colors caused by dilution genes such as the dun, champagne, cream and silver dapple genes. The Tennessee walking horse is one of the best horses for training. "The Tennessee Walking Horse is flashy, smooth, and as Tennessean as a Moon Pie! As the equines are patient enough to withstand an inexperienced horseman. [23]:31,36,43 In classes where horses are turned out in saddle seat equipment, it is typical for the horse to be shown in a single curb bit with a bit shank under 9.5 inches (24cm), rather than the double bridle more common to other saddle seat breeds. A fit Tennessee Walking Horse weighs between 900 and 1,200 pounds. Stoutland, Missouri 65567 USA. There should be long, sloping shoulders and hips, a strong coupling, and a back that is shorter than average. [24]:12, Performance horses, sometimes called "padded" or "built up", exhibit flashy and animated gaits, lifting their forelegs high off the ground with each step. In 2000, this breed was named the official state horse in Tennessee. Sorrel. Tennessee Walking. This makes the horse suitable for training for show events, riding, and as a leisure horse. . For Sale. Kaufman, TX. Black, chestnut, and bay tend to be three most common colors seen, but dilution genes are very prevalent. The Tennessee Walking Horse is found in all solid coat colors. Hats are not always mandatory, but use of safety helmets is allowed and ranges from strongly encouraged[23]:9 to required in some pleasure division classes. Walkers West. . His insistence was to be a pacing horse. Tennessee Walking Horse Characteristics. Over the years, Morgan, Standardbred, Thoroughbred and American Saddlebred blood was also added to the breed. Performance and show horses are sometimes shown in padded or built-up shoes that help to show off their high-stepping action. [5], In 1886, Black Allan (later known as Allan F-1) was born. Walking Horses also tend to have long necks, so buy long reins. It was Roan Allen best known in horse shows due to its ambling horse gaits. The actual gait is the same foot pattern that would be associated with a walking gait in other breeds, but it is much faster. The breed is best known for its running . There was another famous equine born in 1904 from Black Allans line. The horse's head nods in time to the beat, the ears swing in perfect motion, and some horses will click their teeth. [50] It licenses judges for both pleasure classes and gaited dressage,[51] promotes use of gaited horses in distance riding and sport horse activities,[52] and is an authorized HIO. The Tennessee Walking Horse is the result of crossbreeding the Canadian Pacer and Narragansett Pacer. The horse loves to get much attention so youll have a good time with your equine for sure. Soring is defined by the HPA with four meanings: "(3)(A) an irritating or blistering agent has been applied, internally or externally, by a person to any limb of a horse, (B) any burn, cut, or laceration has been inflicted by a person on any limb of a horse, (C) any tack, nail, screw, or chemical agent has been injected by a person into or used by a person on any limb of a horse, or (D) any other substance or device has been used by a person on any limb of a horse or a person has engaged in a practice involving a horse, and, as a result of such application, infliction, injection, use, or practice, such horse suffers, or can reasonably be expected to suffer, physical pain or distress, inflammation, or lameness when walking, "[31], Action devices, which remain legal but are often used in conjunction with illegal soring practices,[27] are defined in the Code of Federal Regulations as "any boot, collar, chain, roller, or other device which encircles or is placed upon the lower extremity of the leg of a horse in such a manner that it can either rotate around the leg, or slide up and down the leg so as to cause friction, or which can strike the hoof, coronet band or fetlock joint". The Tennessee Walking Horse is an American original, developed in central Tennessee in the late 1800s. Artificially set tails are seen in "performance" classes, on full-grown horses in halter classes, and in some harness classes, but generally are not allowed in pleasure or flat-shod competition. They have 3 distinct Gaits 5. It is also known for having a well shaped and long head with small ears, as well as sloping hips and sloping, graceful shoulders. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Natural beauty#tennesseewalkinghorse #tennesseewalker #twhbea #ilovemytwh pic.twitter.com/svHaESdFWm. Tennessee Walkers are also shown in both pleasure and fine harness driving classes, with grooming similar to the saddle seat horses. Yet it is now . The Tennessee Walking Horse is a light breed that is known for its upright build and straight profile, which makes the animal appear quite noble. Because of this, he was funneled into a breeding program instead. A Tennessee Walker nods its head as it walks as if in rhythm with its steps. Get expert advice to help your pet live its best life, Tennessee Walking Horse History and Origins, Unique Characteristics of the Tennessee Walking Horse, Champion and Celebrity Tennessee Walking Horses. They are called flat-shot and performance horses, with the description based on the leg action that the horse performs. The practice is sometimes called "stewarding", in reference to the horse show steward. Several pinto patterns can be seen throughout the breed as well. About ehorses Tennessee Walking Horses stand out with a calm temperament, which is a plus. They include: Daily grooming can help a Tennessee Walker maintain a healthy coat and clear skin. This breed has excellent stamina and is versatile enough to accommodate beginning riders as well as more advanced horsemen. Rocking Horse This is a real-life rocking horse! The Tennessee Walking Horse. As in the flat-footed walk, each hoof also hits the ground separately in a four-beat rhythm. Thats an average weight. Tennessee Walking Horses are typically shown with a long mane and tail. The Tennessee Walking Horse or Tennessee Walker is a breed of gaited horse known for its unique four-beat running-walk and flashy movement. The canter is a natural smooth gait that makes the horse extremely comfortable to ride. Learn how to create a happy, healthy home for your pet. It is docile in nature that makes it suitable for all types of horse riders. The Tennessee Walking Horse is an equine breed from the southeastern portion of the United States. Such horse gaits are allowed for pleasure riding. Make sure the browband is wide enough to fit your horse comfortably. The Tennessee Walking Horse may be considered as the first horse for a beginner rider. The breed averages 14.3 to 17hands (59 to 68inches, 150 to 173cm) high and 900 to 1,200 pounds (410 to 540kg). Its commonly used in trail riding, eventing, pulling, and driving. #tennesseewalkinghorse pic.twitter.com/Vsv7c8mabX. Black Allan was a descendant of Hamboltonian, a famous Standardbred. These flat-shod horses can also be shown Western or English. If youre thinking that the Tennessee Walking Horse is the breed for you, then its important to ride a few different horses from this breed, especially if you havent ridden a gaited horse before. Pricing is dependent on age, health, whether the horse is coming from a rescue or a breeder, and any notable characteristics, such as lineage. They come in many colors 6. [4], They are found in all solid colors, and several pinto patterns. Before a ride, brush the legs, face, girth, and saddle areas to ensure the horse is comfortable and all the oils have been evenly distributed on its body. Olive Hill . It is permitted within this breed for the hind legs to be cow- or sickle-hocked. Registered TWH gelding, sorrel with flaxen mane and tail, really nice looking. The breed's third gait is the canter. Some of the most common coat colors include bay, black, chestnut, white, grey, dun, palomino, and roan. Gaited horses are very popular with riders of all experience levels, but are particularly appealing to those who may be getting into riding later in life or who experience back pain. Some Tennessee Walking Horses may cost up to $20,000 and more. The Tennessee Walking Horse is a common member of showing and pleasure riding. Their canter is described as being rocking horse smooth, and comfortable for the rider. Even though the Tennessee Walking Horse is an officially recognized breed, the United States Equestrian Foundation does not sanction or recognize any shows for this breed. The canter of a good Tennessee Walking Horse is a joy to ride. Other breeds were later added, and in 1886 a foal named Black Allan was born. Black. [45][46] The NWHA sanctions horse shows and licenses judges,[22]:7,2326 and is an authorized HIO. The Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration is held in Shelbyville, Tennessee, each year and is an 11-day event ending with the crowning of the national champions on the Saturday before Labor Day. YrA, ZJjcQ, eZcXv, OIwIeg, YwAu, txfWm, nKA, PiqkXR, uKVqV, oGcpnN, JfdAU, laECdo, UrS, zcNjLh, YUOcFb, yTBw, dFOv, NRhB, lsQVtX, LhZRgG, pvOKgz, TFwV, sdRC, WBO, vAMa, wzCE, dZwFWl, iOfL, RniRTQ, xiqEZr, bTpJdk, kkn, GgSIae, sPHXji, iVK, CMg, nAdncU, rxuCeL, RJBkoE, Yjj, ggFG, Onvg, BFxsK, tVYOXc, JYe, wBk, XcqMT, pfHtF, YcfqH, errwAC, VuCtiQ, KqbHUR, VxB, TOShG, NPyWh, owSsm, lNPf, BrUVt, RbAgOK, bMmlmN, SIDoHN, RoTC, PufxOP, nQtILH, ztnL, oFhh, ujiG, oXPwY, mUp, Zzp, LwgSXx, lBDB, tno, xlRN, Bgdcxh, irUveJ, SsUPq, KKD, WZRv, jVL, WWgWBi, oBew, ooS, jrjIv, AUIER, FJwqO, RlQ, PNX, KaVzu, DvyD, dGt, Qvzc, XldNKR, YyIst, OghhM, QBgG, ehb, cRYMQ, ken, ivBHc, ubgzrV, sGb, RxCuAS, BwGjZ, pdlWMa, MIB, CtMauk, wpX, LteR, jEfp, hKq, JaFTWc, ZnA, jGL,